Factors influencing symptom distress and nursing strategies in patients with gynecologic malignancies undergoing radiotherapy
妇科恶性肿瘤放疗患者症状困扰的影响因素及护理对策

摘要

目的 分析妇科恶性肿瘤放疗患者症状困扰的影响因素，提出针对性护理对策。方法 选取2024年1月至2025年10月在我院接受放疗的70例妇科恶性肿瘤患者，采用一般资料问卷、记忆症状评估量表（MSAS）、社会支持评定量表（SSRS）、医学应对方式问卷（MCMQ）及简易应对方式问卷（SCSQ）进行调查，收集患者症状困扰得分及相关影响因素数据，通过单因素与多因素Logistic回归分析筛选核心影响因素。结果 70例患者中，中度及以上症状困扰者48例（68.57%）；单因素分析显示，年龄、文化程度、放疗疗程、合并基础疾病、社会支持水平、应对方式及家庭照护能力与症状困扰程度相关（P<0.05）；多因素Logistic回归分析显示，年龄≥60岁、放疗疗程≥5周、社会支持水平低、采取回避型应对方式及家庭照护能力弱是症状困扰的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。结论 妇科恶性肿瘤放疗患者症状困扰发生率较高，受年龄、放疗疗程、社会支持、应对方式及家庭照护能力多因素影响，临床需针对性实施分层护理干预，以减轻症状困扰，提升患者放疗耐受性。

Abstract

Objective To analyze the factors influencing symptom distress in patients with gynecologic malignancies undergoing radiotherapy and to propose targeted nursing strategies.
Methods Seventy patients with gynecologic malignancies who underwent radiotherapy in our hospital from January 2024 to October 2025 were selected. A general information questionnaire, the Memory Symptom Assessment Scale (MSAS), the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), the Medical Coping Style Questionnaire (MCMQ), and the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ) were used to investigate their symptom distress scores and related influencing factors. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to screen core influencing factors.
Results Among the 70 patients, 48 (68.57%) experienced moderate to severe symptom distress. Univariate analysis showed that age, education level, radiotherapy duration, underlying diseases, social support level, coping style, and family care ability were associated with the severity of symptom distress (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥60 years, radiotherapy duration ≥5 weeks, low social support level, avoidance coping style, and weak family care ability were independent risk factors for symptom distress (P<0.05).
Conclusion   The incidence of symptom distress is high in patients undergoing radiotherapy for gynecological malignancies, influenced by multiple factors including age, radiotherapy duration, social support, coping style, and family care ability. Targeted stratified nursing interventions are needed to alleviate symptom distress and improve patients’ radiotherapy tolerance.