Analysis of the application of pulmonary function testing conducted by community nurses in early screening for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease residents
社区护士开展肺功能检测在居民慢阻肺早期筛查中的应用分析

摘要

目的 分析社区护士开展肺功能检测在居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病早期筛查中的实际应用效果，为社区慢阻肺防控工作提供实践参考。方法 选取2025年1月至2025年12月我社区辖区内经专科医生初步筛查存在疑似呼吸道症状或高危影响因素的486名常住居民作为筛查对象，由社区护士负责开展肺功能检测，同时收集居民一般资料，统计筛查阳性率，分析肺功能检测指标与慢阻肺早期表现的关联。结果 486名居民完成肺功能检测，共筛查出慢阻肺早期阳性病例165例，阳性率为33.95%；阳性病例中第一秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）、第一秒用力呼气容积与用力肺活量比值（FEV1/FVC）均明显低于阴性居民（P＜0.05）。结论 社区护士开展肺功能检测可有效筛查出慢阻肺早期病例，操作便捷且贴合社区防控需求，能为慢阻肺早期干预提供准确依据，值得在社区居民健康筛查中推广应用。

Abstract

Objective To analyze the practical application effect of pulmonary function testing conducted by community nurses in the early screening of chronic obstructive pulmory disease (COPD) among residents, and to provide practical references for community COPD prevention and control work.
Methods A total of 486 permanent residents within our community sdiction who were preliminarily screened by specialists as having suspected respiratory symptoms or high-risk factors from January 2025 to December 2025 were selected as screenis. Community nurses were responsible for conducting pulmonary function tests, while collecting general data of residents, calculating the positive screening rate, and analyzing the correlation between pulmonary function test indicators and early manifestaions of COPD.
Results All 486 residents completed the pulmonary function tests, and 165 early positive cases of COPD were identified, with a positie rate of 33.95%. In positive cases, the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and the ratio of FEV1 to forced vital cpacity (FEV1/FVC) were significantly lower than those in negative residents (P<0.05).
Conclusion   Pulmonary function testing conducted by community nurses can effectively screen foy COPD cases. It is convenient to operate and meets community prevention and control needs, providing an accurate basis for early intervention of COPD, and is worthy of promotion and application in community resth screening.