Analysis of the role of nutritional risk assessment and individualized care in patients undergoing radiotherapy for head and neck cancer
营养风险评估和个体化护理在头颈部肿瘤放疗病人中的作用分析

摘要

目的 通过回顾性研究分析营养风险评估联合个体化护理干预对头颈部肿瘤放疗患者营养状况、放疗耐受性、并发症发生及生活质量的影响，明确该护理模式的临床应用价值，为头颈部肿瘤放疗患者护理方案优化提供实证依据。方法 回顾性选取医院肿瘤科2024年1月-2025年1月收治的80例头颈部肿瘤放疗患者临床资料，根据护理方案不同分为对照组与观察组，每组各40例。对照组实施头颈部肿瘤放疗常规护理，观察组在常规护理基础上，入院后完善营养风险筛查与全面评估，并依据评估结果落实个体化护理干预方案。比较两组患者干预后营养指标（血清白蛋白、血红蛋白、体重指数）、负性情绪评分及生活质量评分。结果 干预后，两组各项营养指标均较干预前有所改善，且观察组血清白蛋白、血红蛋白水平及身体质量指数（BMI）均显著高于对照组，差异有统计学（P＜0.05）;干预后，两组评分均较干预前降低，且观察组低于对照组，差异有统计学（P＜0.05）;干预后，观察组癌症患者生活质量量表（QLQ-C30）各维度评分均显著高于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 对头颈部肿瘤放疗患者开展营养风险评估并实施个体化护理，可有效改善患者营养状态，降低放疗并发症风险，提升放疗耐受性与治疗依从性，缓解负性情绪，提高患者生活质量，该护理模式在临床中应用效果显著，值得推广。

Abstract

Objective To retrospectively analyze the effects of nutritional risk assessment combined with individualized nursing intervention on nutritional status, radiotherapy tolerance, complications and quality of life in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy, clarify its clinical application value, and provide evidence for optimizing nursing schemes for such patients.
Methods Clinical data of 80 patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy in the oncology department of a hospital from January 2024 to January 2025 were retrospectively collected. According to different nursing methods, they were divided into control group and observation group, with 40 cases in each group. The control group received routine nursing for head and neck cancer radiotherapy, while the observation group received additional nutritional risk screening and comprehensive assessment on the basis of routine nursing, followed by individualized nursing interventions. Nutritional indexes (serum albumin, hemoglobin, body mass index), negative emotion scores and quality of life scores were compared between the two groups after intervention.
Results After intervention, nutritional indexes in both groups were improved, and serum albumin, hemoglobin and Body Mass Index (BMI) in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Negative emotion scores in both groups were decreased, and the scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). All dimensions of Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (QLQ-C30) scores in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion   Nutritional risk assessment combined with individualized nursing for patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy can effectively improve nutritional status, reduce the risk of radiotherapy complications, enhance radiotherapy tolerance and treatment compliance, relieve negative emotions and promote quality of life. This nursing model is effective in clinical practice and worthy of promotion.