摘要
目的 探讨针对性急诊护理干预在恶性肿瘤合并消化道穿孔出血患者中的应用效果，优化护理流程，提高救治成功率，稳定生命体征并改善患者预后。方法 选取2024年1月到2025年1月收治的80例恶性肿瘤消化道穿孔、出血患者，采用随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组，各40例。对照组实施急诊常规护理，观察组实施针对性优化急诊护理干预，比较生命体征改善情况、并发症发生率及护理满意度。结果 干预后24h，两组各项生命体征指标均较干预前改善，且观察组心率、呼吸频率低于对照组，收缩压高于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；观察组并发症发生率显著低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；观察组护理总满意度显著高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论对恶性肿瘤合并消化道穿孔出血患者开展针对性急诊护理干预，可有效稳定患者生命体征，减少术后并发症，提升护理满意度，利于优化急救流程、改善患者整体预后。
关键词： 恶性肿瘤；消化道穿孔；消化道出血；急诊护理；护理实践
Abstract
Objective To explore the application effect of targeted emergency nursing intervention in patients with malignant tumors complicated with gastrointestinal perforation and bleeding, optimize the nursing process, improve the success rate of treatment, stabilize vital signs, and improve patient prognosis. Methods A total of 80 patients with gastrointestinal perforation and bleeding due to malignant tumors admitted from January 2024 to January 2025 were selected. They were divided into a control group and an observation group using a random number table method, with 40 cases in each group. The control group received routine emergency nursing, while the observation group received targeted optimized emergency nursing intervention. The improvement of vital signs, incidence of complications, and nursing satisfaction were compared. Results After 24 hours of intervention, all vital sign indicators in both groups were improved compared with before intervention. The observation group had lower heart rate and respiratory rate than the control group, and higher systolic blood pressure than the control group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). The total nursing satisfaction of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Conclusion mplementing targeted emergency nursing interventions for patients with malignant tumors complicated by digestive tract perforation and hemorrhage can effectively stabilize vital signs, reduce postoperative complications, boost nursing satisfaction, optimize emergency workflows and improve patients’ overall prognosis.
Key words： Malignant tumor; Gastrointestinal perforation; Gastrointestinal bleeding; Emergency nursing; Nursing practice
参考文献 References
[1] 杨子俊,张伟.恶性肿瘤患者营养干预的研究现状及进展[J].中国肿瘤临床与康复,2025,32(12):794-798.
[2] 胡博.腹腔镜穿孔修补术治疗上消化道溃疡穿孔的效果观察[J].智慧健康,2025,11(34):5-8.
[3] 杨露.急诊护理干预对恶性肿瘤致上消化道出血患者心理状态及止血效果的影响[J].基层医学论坛,2024,28(15): 99-101.
[4] 林倩,陈美云,叶颖颖.急诊护理对急性上消化道出血患者的影响分析[J].中国冶金工业医学杂志,2025,42(05):537-538.
[5] 邹玉.基于风险评估的急诊护理对消化道出血患者并发症的影响[J].现代养生,2025,25(13):1013-1016.
[6] 韩亚.急诊护理对肿瘤合并急性上消化道出血患者的效果分析[C]//榆林市医学会.第四届全国医药研究论坛论文集（上）.河南省中医院•河南中医药大学第二附属医院;,2024:712-719.
[7] 江英,熊昭辉.分级式急诊护理联合心理护理在急性上消化道出血患者护理中的应用[J].中国医药指南,2024, 22(01):112-115.
[8] 郭文杰,郎影,贾美烁,等.基于行为分阶段转变理论的上消化道出血患者护理实践研究[J].护理管理杂志,2025, 25(10):858-862+878.
[9] 王玺,何亚丽.分级分区干预模式在急诊消化道出血护理流程优化改进中的实践效果[J].贵州医药,2025,49(03): 498-500
[10] 李家乐,花文娟,黄云云,等.消化道出血患者口渴非药物干预的循证护理实践[J].现代医药卫生,2024,40(14):2427-2431.