Research progress on the causes and nursing of restlessness in patients during the awakening period of general anesthesia
全麻苏醒期患者躁动原因及护理研究进展

摘要

全麻苏醒期躁动是麻醉停止后至意识与定向逐步恢复阶段出现的精神运动性激惹表现，常以不安、拔管、挣扎、哭喊、定向障碍等形式呈现，既可能是短暂的“苏醒期躁动”，也可能符合“苏醒期谵妄/兴奋型谵妄”的临床谱系。随着短效吸入麻醉药应用、日间手术增长与快速复苏理念普及，躁动识别与护理干预从“事后控制”转向“风险分层—诱因纠偏—多模式预防”。本文围绕发生率与评估、致因与机制、护理与管理研究进展进行综述，旨在为围术期团队建立可复制的早期预警与护理路径提供参考。

Abstract

Agitation during the awakening period of general anesthesia is a psychomotor manifestation that occurs from the cessation of anesthesia to the gradual recovery of consciousness and orientation. It often presents in the form of restlessness, extubation, struggle, crying, and orientation disorders. It may be a brief “awakening agitation” or conform to the clinical spectrum of “awakening delirium/excitatory delirium”. With the application of short acting inhaled anesthetics, the growth of day surgery, and the popularization of the concept of rapid recovery, agitation identification and nursing intervention have shifted from “post event control” to “risk stratification trigger correction multimodal prevention”. This article reviews the research progress on the incidence, assessment, causes, mechanisms, nursing, and management of emergence agitation, aiming to provide a reference for perioperative teams to establish replicable early warning and nursing pathways.