Risk factors for pressure ulcers in respiratory failure patients under different ventilatory support methods in the emergency intensive care unit (EICU)
EICU呼吸衰竭患者不同呼吸支持方式下相关压力性损伤的危险因素分析

摘要

目的 分析EICU呼吸衰竭患者在高流量氧疗与无创通气两种支持方式下压力性损伤的危险因素，为精准防控提供依据。方法 回顾性选取2020年1月至2024年12月EICU收治的80例呼吸衰竭患者，按呼吸支持方式分为高流量组（40例）与无创通气组（40例）。收集患者临床资料，采用单因素与多因素Logistic回归分析压力性损伤危险因素。结果 无创通气组压力性损伤发生率（35.00%）高于高流量组（12.50%）（χ2=5.165，P=0.023）；多因素分析显示，通气时间＞72h（OR=4.826）、体位固定不良（OR=3.915）、皮肤潮湿（OR=3.572）是共性危险因素，面罩压迫（OR=5.231）为无创通气组特有危险因素。结论 不同呼吸支持方式压力性损伤风险差异显著，需针对性制定防控策略。

Abstract

Objective To analyze risk factors for pressure ulcers in respiratory failure patients under high-flow oxygen therapy and non-invasive ventilation in the EICU, providing evidence for precise prevention and control.
Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 80 respiratory failure patients admitted to the EICU from January 2020 to December 2024, divided into high-flow group (40 cases) and non-invasive ventilation group (40 cases). Clinical data were collected and analyzed using single-factor and multi-factor Logistic regression.
Results The incidence of pressure ulcers was significantly higher in the non-invasive ventilation group(35.00%)compared to the high-flow group(12.50%)(χ²=5.165, P=0.023). Multi-factor analysis revealed that ventilation duration>72 hours OR=4.826), poor positioning stability (OR=3.915), and skin moisture (OR=3.572) were common risk factors, while mask pressure (OR=5.231) was a unique risk factor in the non-invasive ventilation group.
Conclusion   Significant differences in pressure ulcer risks exist between different ventilatory support methods, necessitating targeted prevention strategies.