Exploring the value of extended nursing in improving rehabilitation interventions for swallowing disorders in elderly stroke patients at home
延伸护理改善老年脑卒中吞咽障碍康复干预居家生活质量的价值探讨

摘要

目的 随着人口老龄化的加剧，老年脑卒中患者数量逐年上升，吞咽障碍是其常见的并发症之一。本文旨在探讨延伸护理在改善老年脑卒中吞咽障碍患者居家生活质量方面的价值。方法 实验组接受延伸护理干预，包括家庭访视、电话随访、健康教育、营养指导等；对照组则接受常规护理。干预时间为6个月，分别于干预前和干预后6个月评估患者的吞咽功能、日常生活活动能力（ADL）及生活质量（SF-36）。结果 实验组患者的吞咽功能显著改善，洼田饮水试验评分从（3.5±0.8）提高到（1.2±0.5）（P<0.01），而对照组无显著变化（P>0.05）。实验组患者的ADL评分从（45.6±12.3）提高到（62.3±10.8）（P<0.01），对照组无显著变化（P>0.05）。结论 延伸护理在改善老年脑卒中吞咽障碍患者居家生活质量方面具有显著价值。通过家庭访视、电话随访、健康教育、营养指导等干预措施，可以有效改善患者的吞咽功能、提高日常生活活动能力，并进而提升整体生活质量。因此，在社区护理中应广泛推广延伸护理服务，以改善老年脑卒中吞咽障碍患者的康复效果和生活质量。

Abstract

Objective With the intensification of population aging, the number of elderly stroke patients is increasing annually, and dysphagia is one of their common complications. This study aims to explore the value of extended nursing care in improving the quality of life for elderly stroke patients with dysphagia at home.
Methods The experimental group received extended nursing care interventions, including home visits, telephone follow-ups, health education, and nutritional guidance, while the control group received routine nursing care. The intervention lasted for 6 months, with assessments of swallowing function, activities of daily living (ADL), and quality of life (SF-36) conducted before and after the intervention.
Results The experimental group showed significant improvement in swallowing function, with the Wadai drinking water test score increasing from (3.5±0.8) to (1.2±0.5) (P<0.01), while no significant changes were observed in the control group (P>0.05). The ADL score of the experimental group improved from (45.6±12.3) to (62.3±10.8) (P<0.01), whereas no significant changes were seen in the control group (P>0.05).
Conclusion   Extended nursing care demonstrates significant value in improving the quality of life for elderly stroke patients with dysphagia at home. Through interventions such as home visits, telephone follow-ups, health education, and nutritional guidance, swallowing function can be effectively improved, daily living abilities enhanced, and overall quality of life elevated. Therefore, extended nursing services should be widely promoted in community care to enhance the rehabilitation outcomes and quality of life for elderly stroke patients with dysphagia.