Impact of predictive airway care on mechanically ventilated neonates
预见性气道护理对机械通气新生儿的影响

摘要

目的 探讨预见性气道护理模式在新生儿机械通气治疗中的应用效果，评价其对通气时间、并发症及临床结局的影响。方法 采用前瞻性研究方法，选取2024年7月至2025年7月我院NICU收治的80例需行机械通气的患儿作为研究对象，采用随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组，每组各40例。对照组实施常规气道护理，观察组实施系统性的预见性气道护理。比较两组患儿的机械通气时间、住院时间、呼吸机相关性肺炎（VAP）发生率、气道黏膜损伤发生率及血气分析指标改善情况。结果 观察组患儿的机械通气时间及住院时间均显著短于对照组（P<0.05）。在并发症方面，观察组的VAP发生率和气道黏膜损伤发生率分别为7.5%和5.0%，显著低于对照组的25.0%和22.5%（P<0.05）。血气分析结果显示，干预后观察组的PaO2和PaO2/FiO2均优于对照组，PaCO2低于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 对机械通气新生儿实施预见性气道护理，能有效缩短通气与住院时间，降低相关并发症风险，改善氧合功能，具有显著的临床应用价值。

Abstract

Objective To investigate the effect of a predictive airway care model in neonatal mechanical ventilation, evaluating its impact on ventilation duration, complications, and clinical outcomes.
Methods A prospective study was conducted, enrolling 80 neonates requiring mechanical ventilation admitted to our NICU from July 2024 to July 2025. Participants were randomly assigned via a random number table to either an observation group (n=40) or a control group (n=40). The control group received conventional airway care, while the observation group received systematic predictive airway care. The two groups were compared regarding mechanical ventilation duration, hospital stay length, incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), incidence of airway mucosal injury, and improvement in blood gas analysis parameters.
Results The mechanical ventilation duration and hospital stay were significantly shorter in the observation group compared to the control group (P<0.05). Regarding complications, the incidence rates of VAP and airway mucosal injury in the observation group were 7.5% and 5.0%, respectively, significantly lower than the 25.0% and 22.5% in the control group (P<0.05). Post-intervention blood gas analysis revealed that the observation group had significantly better PaO2 and PaO2/FiO2, and lower PaCO2 compared to the control group, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05).
Conclusion   Implementing predictive airway care for neonates undergoing mechanical ventilation can effectively shorten ventilation and hospital stay duration, reduce the risk of related complications, and improve oxygenation function, demonstrating significant clinical application value.