摘要
糖尿病足（Diabetic Foot, DF）是糖尿病常见的严重并发症之一，具有高致残率和高死亡率特点，其中老年患者尤为高危。糖尿病高危足虽未发生溃疡，但已存在神经病变、血管病变或畸形等高风险因素，若缺乏规范护理，极易进展为溃疡甚至截肢。基于“医养结合”理念的新型护理模式，为老年糖尿病患者提供了医疗与养老相融合的连续性照护。本文在循证护理理念指导下，结合中医护理特色，对老年糖尿病高危足的护理模式进行梳理和探讨。通过建立多学科护理干预小组、健全健康档案、规范血糖与足部管理，并辅以饮食、运动、心理护理及中医外治方法可在降低足溃疡发生率、改善患者自我管理能力和生活质量方面取得积极成效。
关键词： 糖尿病高危足；医养结合；新型护理模式；研究进展
Abstract
Diabetic foot (DF) is one of the common and severe complications of diabetes, characterized by high rates of disability and mortality, with elderly patients being particularly at risk. High-risk diabetic foot refers to a condition in which no ulcer has yet developed, but neuropathy, vasculopathy, or deformities are already present. Without standardized nursing care, such cases can easily progress to ulceration or even amputation. A new nursing model based on the concept of medical-nursing integration provides elderly diabetic patients with continuous care that combines medical treatment and elderly support. Guided by evidence-based nursing concepts and incorporating the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine nursing, this paper reviews and explores nursing models for elderly patients with high-risk diabetic foot. Establishing multidisciplinary nursing intervention teams, improving health record management, standardizing blood glucose and foot care, supplemented by dietary regulation, exercise programs, psychological nursing, and external traditional Chinese medicine therapies, can achieve positive outcomes in reducing the incidence of foot ulcers, improving patients’ self-management ability, and enhancing their quality of life.
Key words： High-risk diabetic foot; Medical-nursing integration; New nursing model; Research program
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