Discussion on the causes of aspiration in patients after cerebral hemorrhage and nursing countermeasures to reduce the incidence of aspiration
脑出血术后患者发生误吸的原因及降低误吸发生率的护理对策探讨

摘要

目的 探讨脑出血术后患者发生误吸的原因及降低误吸发生率的护理对策。方法 选取本院2023年1月-2025年7月期间收治80例脑出血术后发生误吸患者作为观察组研究对象，另选同一时间未发生误吸的患者为对比组，采用单因素分析误吸原因。并明确原因根据护理模式不同，将观察组分为对照组和实验组，每组40例。对照组给予常规护理，观察组给予综合护理，对比两组患者误吸发生率、生活质量（WHOQL100评分）以及护理满意度比较。结果 单因素分析显示吞咽功能障碍、意识水平低下、体位不当是主要误吸原因。根据原因采取不同护理后，实验组患者发生误吸率显著降低，生活质量评分和护理满意度更高，均优质于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（p<0.05）。结论 明确脑出血术后患者发生误吸原因并采取综合护理模式可以有效降低误吸发生率，从而提高生活质量和护理满意度，具有临床推广和应用价值。

Abstract

Objective To investigate the causes of aspiration in postoperative cerebral hemorrhage patients and develop nursing strategies to reduce its incidence.
Methods This study enrolled 80 patients with postoperative cerebral hemorrhage aspiration admitted to our hospital between January 2023 and July 2025 as the observation group, with a control group of patients without aspiration during the same period. A univariate analysis identified the primary causes of aspiration. Based on different nursing models, the observation group was divided into control and experimental groups of 40 patients each. The control group received standard care, while the experimental group received comprehensive nursing interventions. The study compared aspiration rates, quality of life (WHOQOL100 scale), and nursing satisfaction between groups.
Results The univariate analysis revealed swallowing dysfunction, low consciousness levels, and improper positioning as major causes of aspiration. After implementing targeted nursing interventions, the experimental group demonstrated significantly lower aspiration rates, higher quality of life scores, and greater nursing satisfaction compared to the control group, with statistically significant differences (p<0.05).
Conclusion   Identifying the causes of postoperative cerebral hemorrhage aspiration and adopting comprehensive nursing models can effectively reduce aspiration rates, thereby improving quality of life and nursing satisfaction. These findings have clinical promotion and application value.