摘要
心脏移植术后，患者常面临肌肉萎缩、心肺功能下降等问题，早期康复锻炼意义重大。其重要性体现在促进身体功能恢复、改善心肺功能、预防并发症以及缓解心理问题。目前，6分钟步行试验、心肺运动试验、自感费力程度量表等是常用康复评估方法。术后不同阶段康复锻炼策略不同，初期以床上活动和呼吸训练为主，中期开展床边坐起、站立及步行训练，后期进行有氧和抗阻运动训练。尽管当前已取得一定成果，但仍存在康复标准不统一等问题。未来，需进一步探索最佳康复方案，制定个性化计划，加强多学科协作，以推动患者术后快速康复，提升其生活质量与长期生存率。
关键词： 心脏移植术；早期康复锻炼；心肺功能；研究进展
Abstract
After heart transplantation, patients often face problems such as muscle atrophy and decreased cardiopulmonary function, and early rehabilitation exercise is of great significance. Its importance is reflected in promoting physical function recovery, improving cardiovascular function, preventing complications, and alleviating psychological problems. At present, commonly used rehabilitation assessment methods include 6-minute walking test, cardiopulmonary exercise test, and self perceived exertion scale. The rehabilitation exercise strategies vary at different stages after surgery. In the initial stage, bed activities and breathing training are the main focus, while in the middle stage, bedside sitting, standing, and walking training is carried out. In the later stage, aerobic and resistance exercise training is carried out. Although certain achievements have been made, there are still issues such as inconsistent rehabilitation standards. In the future, it is necessary to further explore the best rehabilitation plan, develop personalized plans, strengthen interdisciplinary collaboration, in order to promote rapid postoperative recovery of patients, improve their quality of life and long-term survival rate.
Key words： Heart transplantation; Early rehabilitation exercise; Cardiopulmonary function; Research progress
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