Risk factor analysis and nursing strategies for acute pancreatitis
急性胰腺炎危险因素分析及护理对策

摘要

目的 探讨急性胰腺炎的常见危险因素，并提出针对性的护理干预措施，以降低其发病率并改善患者预后。方法 选取2024年1月至2024年12月期间在我院收治的100例急性胰腺炎患者作为观察组，选择同时期的100例健康体检者作为对照组。通过问卷调查收集患者基本资料，如性别、年龄、体质量指数；以及临床指标，如胆源性疾病、不当饮食、C反应蛋白、高脂血症、长期饮酒、药物不良反应等相关信息。采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析影响急性胰腺炎发生的主要危险因素。根据分析结果制定相应的护理对策。结果 单因素分析显示，胆源性疾病、不当饮食、C反应蛋白、高脂血症、长期饮酒、药物不良反应等因素与急性胰腺炎发生显著相关（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，胆源性疾病（OR=3.02）、不当饮食（OR=2.19）、C反应蛋白（OR=2.15）、高脂血症（OR=2.46）、长期饮酒（OR=1.89）、药物不良反应（OR=1.45）是发生急性胰腺炎的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。结论 胆源性疾病、酗酒、高脂血症是急性胰腺炎的主要危险因素，通过加强健康教育、规范饮食管理及心理护理等护理干预措施，可有效预防急性胰腺炎的发生与发展，具有重要的临床应用价值。

Abstract

Objective To investigate the common risk factors for acute pancreatitis and propose targeted nursing interventions to reduce its incidence and improve patient prognosis.
Methods One hundred patients with acute pancreatitis admitted to our hospital between January 2024 and December 2024 were selected as the observation group, and 100 healthy subjects who underwent physical examinations during the same period were selected as the control group. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect basic patient information, such as gender, age, and body mass index; as well as clinical indicators, such as biliary diseases, improper diet, C-reactive protein, hyperlipidemia, chronic alcohol consumption, and adverse drug reactions. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the main risk factors for acute pancreatitis. Nursing strategies were developed based on the analysis results.
Results Univariate analysis showed that biliary diseases, improper diet, C-reactive protein, hyperlipidemia, chronic alcohol consumption, and adverse drug reactions were significantly associated with the development of acute pancreatitis (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that biliary disease (OR = 3.02), improper diet (OR = 2.19), C-reactive protein (OR = 2.15), hyperlipidemia (OR = 2.46), chronic alcohol consumption (OR = 1.89), and adverse drug reactions (OR = 1.45) were independent risk factors for acute pancreatitis (P < 0.05).
Conclusion   Biliary disease, alcohol abuse, and hyperlipidemia are major risk factors for acute pancreatitis. Nursing interventions, including strengthening health education, standardized dietary management, and psychological care, can effectively prevent the occurrence and development of acute pancreatitis and have important clinical application value.