摘要
本文围绕食管癌根治术后吻合口瘘这一严重并发症，系统梳理其发生原因与预防护理进展，从患者个体生理病理特征、手术操作细节、术后恢复状况等维度，深入剖析导致吻合口瘘形成的关键因素，并基于各因素提出针对性的预防护理策略，包括术前评估优化、术中精准操作配合、术后全方位监测与护理干预等，旨在为临床降低食管癌根治术后吻合口瘘发生率、提升患者预后质量提供专业参考。
关键词： 食管癌根治术；吻合口瘘；发生原因；预防护理
Abstract
This article focuses on the serious complication of anastomotic leakage after radical esophageal cancer surgery. It systematically reviews the causes and advancements in preventive care, examining key factors leading to anastomotic leakage from the perspectives of individual patient physiological and pathological characteristics, surgical details, and postoperative recovery. Based on these factors, it proposes targeted preventive care strategies, including preoperative assessment and optimization, precise intraoperative procedures, and comprehensive postoperative monitoring and nursing interventions. The aim is to provide professional guidance for reducing the incidence of anastomotic leakage after radical esophageal cancer surgery and improving patient outcomes.
Key words： Esophageal cancer radical surgery; Anastomotic fistula; Causes of occurrence; Prevention and nursing
参考文献 References
[1] 胡银燕,赵林芳,贺晓映,等.1例食管癌术后并发重度免疫检查点抑制剂相关肺炎及吻合口瘘患者的护理[J].中华护理杂志,2024,59(14):1752-1756.
[2] 陈海南,冷雪峰.食管癌术后吻合口瘘预测因子及相关预测模型的研究进展[J].临床外科杂志,2024,32(8):892-895.
[3] 李金洁,谭雄,金伟涛,等.臭氧胸腔保留灌注在食管癌术后吻合口瘘患者的应用[J].江苏医药,2023,49(6):591-594.
[4] 唐国栩,朱冰.食管癌术后吻合口瘘危险因素的研究进展[J].Journal of Modern Medicine&Health,2024,40(15).
[5] 王小雅,赖小龙,郭烨锟,等.下咽癌合并食管癌患者术后吻合口瘘危险因素分析[J].临床医学进展,2025,15(5):6.
[6] 冯娟,柏萍,李娟,等.术前血Hcy,白蛋白水平对食管癌患者围手术期并发吻合口瘘的影响[J].中国医药科学,2024, 14(22): 134-137.
[7] 阚奇伟,高元平,刘泗军,等.食管癌术后吻合口瘘与无创正压通气之间的关系探讨[J].实用老年医学,2023,37(4): 426-428.
[8] 时祥音,白璟,吕丛,等.围术期食管癌术后吻合口瘘的危险因素及风险预测模型构建与验证[J].海南医学,2024, 35(7): 1026-1030.
[9] 翁艳,王青,刘晓川,等.内镜下钛夹联合氩等离子体凝固治疗食管癌术后吻合口瘘患者的临床效果[J].广西医学, 2023, 45(6):639-641.
[10] 阳婷,陈少娟,张甜.食管癌术后颈部吻合口瘘负压封闭引流患者应用集束化护理对其营养状态及瘘口愈合情况的影响[J].实用临床护理学电子杂志, 2024, 9(17):101-103,100.