摘要
目的 分析预防性护理用于急诊ICU长期卧床病人中对降低压疮发生率所起到的作用。方法 随机均分2023年6月-2025年5月本院急诊ICU接诊长期卧床病人（n=70）。试验组采取预防性护理，对照组行常规护理。对比压疮发生率等指标。结果 关于Braden评分：出ICU时，试验组（6.51±1.39）分，对照组（9.42±2.15）分，差异显著（P＜0.05）。压疮发生率：试验组2.86%，对照组17.14%，P＜0.05。ICU治疗和压疮形成时间：试验组（10.31±2.53）d、（7.82±1.47）d，对照组（13.76±3.04）d、（4.35±1.07）d，差异显著（P＜0.05）。结论 急诊ICU长期卧床病人用预防性护理，压疮发生率更低，Braden评分改善也更加显著，ICU治疗时间更短，压疮形成时间更长。
关键词： 长期卧床；预防性护理；急诊；压疮
Abstract
Objective To analyze the role of preventive nursing in reducing the incidence of pressure ulcers among long-term bedridden patients in the emergency ICU. Methods A total of 70 long-term bedridden patients were randomly assigned to the emergency ICU of this hospital from June 2023 to May 2025. The experimental group received preventive nursing, while the control group received routine care. The incidence of pressure ulcers and other indicators were compared. Results Regarding the Braden score, at the time of ICU discharge, the experimental group scored 6.51±1.39, while the control group scored 9.42±2.15, with a significant difference (P<0.05). The incidence of pressure ulcers was 2.86% in the experimental group and 17.14% in the control group, with a significant difference (P<0.05). The duration of ICU treatment and the time to the formation of pressure ulcers were 10.31±2.53 days and 7.82±1.47 days in the experimental group, and 13.76±3.04 days and 4.35±1.07 days in the control group, with a significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion For long-term bedridden patients in the emergency ICU, preventive nursing resulted in a lower incidence of pressure ulcers, more significant improvement in the Braden score, shorter ICU treatment duration, and longer time to the formation of pressure ulcers.
Key words： Long-term bedridden; Preventive care; Emergency; Pressure ulcer
参考文献 References
[1] 高敏. 急诊ICU长期卧床患者压疮的预防性护理干预效果探究[J]. 名医,2023,17(10):157.
[2] 白彦慧,丁艳丽. 循证护理对心血管内科长期卧床老年患者压疮发生率及生活质量的影响[J]. 临床医学工程,2023,30(5):713-714.
[3] 赵跃俊. 预警护理干预对神经外科长期卧床患者皮肤受损及压疮发生的影响[J]. 皮肤病与性病,2023,42(1): 146-147.
[4] N. VUILLERME, O. CHENU, N. PINSAULT, et al. Pressure sensor-based tongue-placed electrotactile biofeedback for balance improvement - Biomedical application to prevent pressure sores formation and falls[C]//29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBS 2007), vol.15. 2023:6114-6117.
[5] 张芬,司晓娜,高波. 基于个性化角度侧卧的循证护理联合压疮风险预警措施在长期卧床老年高血压患者中的应用[J]. 齐鲁护理杂志,2024,30(23):121-123.
[6] 郭英群. 压疮风险预警护理联合全责康复护理模式在长期卧床患者中的应用效果[J]. 反射疗法与康复医学,2024,5(18):108-111.
[7] 张继伟,佟晓敏,姜文菊. 海绵翻身垫联合压疮风险量化评估护理在脑卒中后偏瘫长期卧床患者中的应用[J]. 保健医学研究与实践,2024,21(2):104-109.
[8] 连燕燕,黄珍娥. FMEA护理及多学科协作护理对ICU长期高血压卧床患者压疮率的影响[J]. 心血管病防治知识,2025,15(1):95-97.
[9] 张义花,刘少银,权秋香. 急诊ICU长期卧床患者压疮的预防性护理干预效果观察[J]. 基层医学论坛,2022, 22(33): 4673-4675.
[10] 林海榕, 黄希, 许群红. 全责康复护理对长期卧床老年患者压疮发生率的影响[J]. 中西医结合护理（中英文）,2022, 8(6):88-90.
[11] 成翔,张锦,刘少妮,等. 基于Cubbin and Jackson量表评估的综合护理干预在神经内科长期卧床老年患者压疮管理中的应用效果[J]. 临床医学研究与实践,2022,6(12): 151-154.
[12] 董璐. 基于结构化皮肤护理管理模式在重症监护室长期卧床患者中的应用[J]. 特别健康,2024,15(1):175-176.