Research progress of dietary restriction experience in patients treated with iodine-131 for thyroid cancer
甲状腺癌行碘131治疗患者饮食限制体验的研究进展

摘要

目的 本研究旨在剖析甲状腺癌行碘131治疗患者在饮食限制过程中的真实体验，为护理人员指导患者规范饮食限制行为提供参考。方法 采用目的抽样法，选取2024年8月-10月在武汉某三甲医院核医学科收治的10例甲状腺癌患者进行半结构式深入访谈，采用现象学分析法对资料进行分析并提炼主题。受访者均符合《碘131治疗分化型甲状腺癌指南》中的治疗标准，年龄≥18岁，病程>0.5年。结果 研究结果通过分析共提炼出3个主题：①受负性心理困扰（对美食的向往与挣扎、对生活的焦虑加剧、面对社交活动的尴尬）；②采用多种应对策略（主动学习与适应、寻找替代方案、建立新的饮食习惯）；③多重收获（保证碘131治疗效果、家庭支持的加强、自我管理能力提升）。结论 研究表明，甲状腺癌行碘131治疗患者的饮食限制体验复杂多样，护理人员应充分评估个体差异，针对性进行饮食管理，强化家庭、社会支持，以帮助患者更好地进行饮食管理。

Abstract

Objective This study aims to analyze the real experience of dietary restriction in patients with thyroid cancer treated with iodine-131, and provide reference for nursing staff to guide patients to regulate dietary restriction behavior.
Methods Objective sampling method was used to select 10 patients with thyroid cancer who were admitted to the nuclear medicine department of a third Class hospital in Wuhan from August to October 2024 for semi-structured in-depth interviews. Phenomenological analysis was used to analyze the data and extract the themes. All respondents met the treatment criteria in the Iodine-131 Guidelines for the Treatment of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer, were ≥18 years old, and had a disease course of >0.5 years.
Results Three themes were extracted from the analysis: (1) Suffering from negative psychological distress (longing and struggling for food, increasing anxiety for life, and embarrassment in social activities); Adopt a variety of coping strategies (active learning and adaptation, finding alternatives, establishing new eating habits); (3) Multiple gains (ensuring the efficacy of iodine-131 treatment, strengthening family support, and improving self-management ability).
Conclusion  s The study shows that the dietary restriction experience of patients with thyroid cancer treated with iodine-131 is complex and diverse. Nursing staff should fully assess individual differences, conduct targeted dietary management, and strengthen family and social support to help patients better manage their diets.