Research progress on common complications and clinical nursing of elderly patients with liver cancer after transcatheter chemoembolization
老年肝癌患者经肝动脉插管化疗栓塞术后常见并发症及临床护理研究进展

摘要

肝细胞癌（CHC）是发生于肝细胞或肝内胆管上皮细胞的恶性肿瘤疾病，为原发性肝癌病症，与病毒感染、环境因素、家庭病史等紧密相关。据癌症中心调查显示，CHC发病率高居恶性肿瘤疾病第四位，具有较高死亡率，危害性极强。肝癌起病隐匿，多在晚期被发现，易错过外科切除病灶治疗时机。经肝动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）实施原理是将化疗药物以导管注入肝部肿瘤血管内，治疗方式为局部化疗，达到抑制肿瘤生长，促进病灶缺血、坏死效果，目前已经成为不能接受手术治疗原发性肝癌疾病患者重要干预方案。由于老年人群机体恢复力较为衰弱，免疫功能低下，对治疗的耐受性相对较差，在实施TACE术治疗后，易出现较多并发症，造成严重生理、心理创伤，不利于恢复；老年患者伴随多种基础疾病、慢性疾病，实施TACE术治疗可能会对患者多器官组织造成损伤，严重影响预后恢复。因此，开展临床护理研究，分析老年CHC患者实施经肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗期间护理需求，为患者提供科学有效护理保障，规避或减轻TACE术后并发症发生风险，加速患者康复，成为临床护理医疗重要关注问题[1]。基于此，本课题将围绕老年CHC患者实施经肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗期间护理进展、护理方向进行分析，具体阐述如下。

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (CHC) is a malignant tumor disease that occurs in hepatocytes or intrahepatic bile duct epithelial cells. It is a primary liver cancer disease and is closely related to viral infection, environmental factors, family medical history, etc. According to a survey by the Cancer Center, the incidence of CHC ranks fourth among malignant tumor diseases, with a high mortality rate and extremely strong harm. Liver cancer has an insidious onset and is often discovered in the late stage, which easily misses the opportunity for surgical resection of the lesion. The principle of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is to inject chemotherapy drugs into the tumor blood vessels in the liver through a catheter. The treatment method is local chemotherapy to inhibit tumor growth and promote ischemia and necrosis of the lesion. It has become an important intervention plan for patients with primary liver cancer who cannot undergo surgical treatment. Since the elderly population has a weak body resilience, low immune function, and relatively poor tolerance to treatment, they are prone to more complications after TACE treatment, causing serious physical and psychological trauma, which is not conducive to recovery; elderly patients have multiple underlying diseases and chronic diseases, and TACE treatment may cause damage to multiple organ tissues of patients, seriously affecting prognosis and recovery. Therefore, conducting clinical nursing research, analyzing the nursing needs of elderly CHC patients during transarterial chemoembolization treatment, providing patients with scientific and effective nursing guarantees, avoiding or reducing the risk of complications after TACE, and accelerating patient recovery have become important issues of clinical nursing care [1]. Based on this, this topic will analyze the nursing progress and nursing direction of elderly CHC patients during transarterial chemoembolization treatment, as described below.