The role of senile comprehensive assessment in risk warning of elderly patients with biliary tract diseases
老年综合评估在高龄胆道疾病患者风险预警中的作用研究

摘要

目的 本研究旨在评估老年综合评估（Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment, CGA）在高龄胆道疾病患者风险预警中的应用价值。方法 研究纳入我院2023年1月至2023年12月期间收治的150例70岁及以上的高龄胆道疾病患者。采用CGA对患者进行生理功能、营养状况、心理健康和社会支持等全面评估。根据评估结果，患者被分为低风险组和高风险组，每组75例。针对不同风险等级的患者，护理团队制定了个性化的护理方案，重点包括营养支持、心理护理、功能恢复和术后康复管理。使用标准化量表（MBI, NRS-2002, GDS, SSRS）在入院时、术后及出院前后进行评估。结果 评估结果显示两组在护理满意度、护理依从性、营养改善率、术后康复计划完成率及心理状态改善率等方面存在显著差异，低风险组在各项指标上均优于高风险组（P<0.05）。结论 老年综合评估（CGA）对高龄胆道疾病患者的围手术期风险预警具有显著作用。CGA利用细致评估病患的健康状况和营养状况，有助于初步地确定风险群体，减少手术过程中及术后期并发症发生率提高治疗效果。

Abstract

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the application value of Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) in risk warning of elderly patients with biliary tract diseases.
Methods 150 patients with biliary tract diseases aged 70 years and above admitted to our hospital from January 2023 to December 2023 were included in this study. CGA was used to evaluate the physiological function, nutritional status, mental health and social support. Based on the evaluation results, patients were divided into a low risk group and a high risk group, with 75 patients in each group. For patients with different risk levels, the nursing team developed a personalized care plan, focusing on nutritional support, psychological care, functional recovery and postoperative rehabilitation management. Standardized scales (MBI, NRS-2002, GDS, SSRS) were used at admission, after surgery, and before and after discharge.
Results The evaluation results showed that there were significant differences between the two groups in nursing satisfaction, nursing compliance, nutritional improvement rate, postoperative rehabilitation plan completion rate and psychological state improvement rate, and the low-risk group was superior to the high-risk group in all indexes (P<0.05).
Conclusion   Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) has significant effect on perioperative risk warning in elderly patients with biliary tract diseases. CGA uses careful assessment of patients' health status and nutritional status to help initially identify risk groups, reduce the incidence of complications during and after surgery and improve treatment results.