The life quality and nursing service demand of rural left-behind elderly
农村留守老人生活质量及护理服务需求

摘要

目的 调查农村留守老人生活质量及护理需求，探究其可能的影响因素，为政府有关部门制定农村留守老人管理政策和护理服务工作实施措施提供依据和建议。方法 本研究的数据来自于2015年第四次“全国城乡老年人生活状况抽样调查”天津市、河北省、山东省、宁夏、辽宁省、山西省、江西省、云南省、河南省共九个省市地区的部分样本，采用一般情况调查表、简明健康状况问卷、简明老年抑郁量表、社会支持评定量表、护理需求问卷进行调查。在此基础上，通过对样本的筛查，剔除非农村户籍老人、与子女（含女婿、儿媳）共同居住的农村老人样本，获得322份有效样本。结果 农村留守老人生活质量所得总分为59.54±27.19分，处于中等偏下水平，护理需求总分为3.49±0.92分，处于较高水平。影响生活质量、护理需求因素较多，有性别、年龄、婚姻状况、居住方式等，且生活质量与护理需求二者呈现负相关关系。结论 农村留守老人生活质量水平较低，而护理服务的需求较高，在建立和发展农村社区护理服务时，应考虑留守老人的特殊性，制定相关服务措施，提高其生活质量，满足其护理需求。

Abstract

Objective To investigate the quality of life and nursing needs of rural left-behind elderly people, explore the possible influencing factors, and provide basis and suggestions for relevant government departments to formulate management policies and nursing service measures for rural left-behind elderly people.
Methods The data in this study were collected from part of the samples of the fourth National Sample Survey on Living Conditions of Urban and Rural Elderly People in Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Ningxia, Liaoning, Shanxi, Jiangxi, Yunnan and Henan provinces in 2015. General situation questionnaire, concise health status questionnaire, concise Geriatric depression Scale, social support rating scale, nursing needs questionnaire were used to investigate. On this basis, through the screening of the samples, excluding the non-rural household registration of the elderly, living with their children (including son-in-law, daughter-in-law) rural elderly samples, 322 valid samples were obtained.
Results The total score of life quality of the rural left-behind elderly was 59.54±27.19, which was in the lower middle level, and the total score of nursing demand was 3.49±0.92, which was in the higher level. There are many factors affecting quality of life and nursing demand, including gender, age, marital status and living style, and there is a negative correlation between quality of life and nursing demand.
Conclusion   The quality of life of the elderly left behind in rural areas is low, while the demand for nursing services is high. When establishing and developing rural community nursing services, the particularity of the elderly left behind should be considered, and relevant service measures should be formulated to improve their quality of life and meet their nursing needs.