Risk factors and nursing strategies of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in elderly patients
老年患者静脉血栓栓塞（VTE）危险因素及护理对策

摘要

目的 研究主要对老年患者静脉血栓栓塞（VTE）危险因素进行分析，并探讨护理对策。方法 本次通过回顾性分析方法，随机挑选2021年1月-2023年1月在医院内进行治疗的100例老年患者为研究对象，按照VTE类型将患者分成深静脉血栓形成（DVT）组与肺栓塞组，搜集患者资料，分析静脉血栓栓塞危险因素，并结合因素制定护理预防方案。结果 通过分析，肺栓塞组患者COPD、合并呼吸衰竭、利尿剂使用率均比DVT组较高，经过多因素分析得出，高白蛋白、抗凝治疗作为VTE预后的一个重要保护因素，BNP增高、呼吸衰竭是VTE发生独立危险因素，P<0.05。结论 老年患者静脉血栓栓塞影响因素较多，主要独立危险因素是BNP增高与呼吸衰竭，所以需要积极护理患者病情症状，并做好抗凝治疗护理，以降低静脉血栓栓塞发生率。

Abstract

Objective To analyze the risk factors of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in elderly patients and explore nursing countermeasures.
Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted to randomly select 100 elderly patients treated in hospitals from January 2021 to January 2023 as study objects. According to the type of VTE, the patients were divided into deep vein thrombosis (DVT) group and pulmonary embolism group. Patient data were collected and risk factors for VTE were analyzed. Combined with the factors to develop nursing prevention programs.
Results The utilization rate of COPD, combined with respiratory failure and diuretics in the pulmonary embolism group was higher than that in the DVT group. Multi-factor analysis showed that high albumin and anticoagulant therapy were important protective factors for the prognosis of VTE, and increased BNP and respiratory failure were independent risk factors for VTE (P<0.05).
Conclusion   There are many factors affecting venous thromboembolism in elderly patients, and the main independent risk factors are increased BNP and respiratory failure, so it is necessary to actively care for the symptoms of patients and do a good job in anticoagulation therapy and nursing to reduce the incidence of venous thromboembolism.