摘要
目的 分析血管活性药物不良反应成因及其护理对策。方法 将2021年全年覆盖范围内前往院内行心肌梗死、椎管内阻滞低血压、支气管哮喘治疗的患者作为受试者选取的主要范围的，将行血管活性药物治的100名患者作为最终受试对象（n=100），统计患者在用药期间形成的不良反应发生情况，同时借助院内拟定的调查问卷对血管活性药物用药期间存在的不安全因素进行分析，借助线性回归分析工具对风险因素进行分析并制定护理对策。结果 100名入组患者中形成静脉炎、局部皮肤坏死、配伍禁忌、药液外渗等不良反应的构成比为20.00%（n=20），经分析，管理因素、护理人员素质、药物使用途径、静脉选择、微量泵使用缺乏规范性均可作为影响血管活性药物应用患者群体出现不良反应的独立风险因素（P<0.05）。结论 影响使用血管活性药物患者出现不良反应的独立风险因素较多，应以风险筛查结果为依据为患者实施风险管理，降低患者形成不良反应的风险，保证患者用药安全。
关键词： 血管活性药物；因素分析；风险筛查
Abstract
Objective To analyze the causes of adverse reactions of vasoactive drugs and their nursing countermeasures. Methods Patients who went to the hospital for treatment of myocardial infarction, intraspinal block hypotension, and bronchial asthma within the full coverage of 2021 were selected as the main range of subjects, and 100 patients who were treated with vasoactive drugs were selected as the final subjects (n=100). The incidence of adverse reactions formed by the patients during the medication period was statistically analyzed, At the same time, the unsafe factors during the use of vasoactive drugs were analyzed using a questionnaire drawn up in the hospital, and the risk factors were analyzed using linear regression analysis tools to formulate nursing strategies. Results Among 100 enrolled patients, the constituent ratio of adverse reactions such as phlebitis, local skin necrosis, incompatibility, and drug extravasation was 20.00% (n=20). After analysis, management factors, quality of nursing personnel, drug use routes, venous selection, and the regulatory compliance of micropump use could all be independent risk factors affecting the occurrence of adverse reactions in the group of patients receiving vasoactive drugs (P<0.05). Conclusion There are many independent risk factors that affect the occurrence of adverse reactions in patients using vasoactive drugs. Risk management should be implemented for patients based on the results of risk screening to reduce the risk of adverse reactions in patients and ensure their medication safety.
Key words： Vasoactive drugs; Factor analysis; Risk screening
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